Principal Component Analysis Approach for Yield Attributing Traits in

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Genotypes

Pragya Singh¹*, P.K. Jain¹ and Akanksha Tiwari²

¹Department of Horticulture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482004, Madhya Pradesh, India

²Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482004, Madhya Pradesh, India

Keywords: Chilli, Genotype, Principal Component Analysis, Variability

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs232050121 • PDF

Abstract

The present investigation entitled was carried out at Horticulture Complex, Maharajpur, Jabalpur (M.P) during Rabi season of 2015-16 with eighteen genotypes in order to study the genetic diversity for different yield attributing characters of chilli by principal component analysis. In this study, out of ten principal components, only five components exhibited >0.5 eigenvalue and showed about 88.85% variability among the traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype of genotypes. The PC1 accounted for the highest variability (36.93%) to the total variability, followed by 22.87% (PC2), 15.62% (PC3), 7.46% (PC4) and 5.97% (PC5). Thus the results of the principal component analysis revealed, wide genetic variability exists in this chilli genotype accessions.

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Growth and Yield responses of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties to

Elevated CO₂

Manasa, R. V. Manju, Roy Stephen, M. M. Viji, R. Beena and G. S. Sreekala

Keywords: Elevated CO₂, Ginger, varieties, growth, yield

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs242050124 • PDF

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of CO₂ enrichment on growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Three varieties of ginger Aswathy, Athira, and Maran were selected and grown in OTC (Open Top Chamber) enriched with 500 ppm of CO₂ for a period of eight months. Intending to evaluate the impact of elevated CO₂ on growth and yield. Elevated CO₂ had a profound stimulatory effect on number of leaves (230.66), root fresh weight (48.87 g plant^-1), shoot fresh weigh (188.83 g plant^-1), tiller number (23) in Aswathy followed by Maran and Athira. Maximum fresh weight of rhizome was (228.75 g plant^-1) evident in Aswathy. Although there was significant effect of e[CO₂] on the three varieties, Aswathy was performing better when compared to Athira and Maran. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot fresh weight, tiller number, were positively correlating to rhizome yield. These results indicate that the plant biomass and yield can be enhanced under controlled CO₂ enrichment.

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Climate Change and Mango Production

Shuvadeep Halder and Md. Abu Hasan

Keywords: Climate change, extreme temperature, moisture, flowering

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs122050121  • PDF

Abstract

The increasing concentration level of atmospheric CO₂, which is a major factor of climate change, has to be considered for the consequences of climate change on agriculture because CO₂ is involved in the key processes for plants, such as photosynthesis. Irregular cropping is the biggest problem in mango production. Inconsistent run of cool nights and relatively warm winter has adversely affected flowering in mango. Increases in extreme mean temperatures are already affecting mango production. So, rapid climate change should be a great concern irrespective of mango growers, scientists and buyers. The large diversity in genetic resources of mango is a boon for selection and breeding programs to face climatic changes. To fight against this climate change some strategies could be taken like substitution and complementation of low temperature by using growth retardant (PB Z) along with imposition of moisture stress (-75 kpa or even less) for about 4 months prior to flowering, post-harvest thinning of large branches of vigorous and late varieties grown in heavy soils to encourage soil moisture loss during winter months, digging trenches along the drip line for better drainage during monsoon and ensuring moisture stress condition during winter months, encouraging new mango plantation in light and sandy loam soils which has the capacity to loss moisture quickly, shoot pruning after harvest (impracticable for tall growing trees) to encourage more new shoots which become mature (8-9 months) at the time of flowering followed by nutrients and irrigation.

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Genetic Variability, Heritability, Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis of Morphophysiological and Yield Related Traits of Rice under Drought Stress

Nithya, N., R. Beena, Roy Stephen, P.S. Abida, V.G. Jayalekshmi, M.M. Viji and R .V. Manju

Keywords: Drought, rice, GCV, PCV, heritability, path coefficient analysis

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs142050122  • PDF

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to detect the variability, heritability and genetic advance for morphophysiologcal and yield related traits in rice under drought stress. For this study 81 genotypes were phenotyped for drought tolerance under field condition in 9×9 lattice square design with two replicates at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi during the month of Sept to Dec 2017. Drought stress was induced from panicle initiation stage for a period of 25 consecutive days by withdrawing irrigation. The result obtained from the current study showed that adequate variability was present among the genotypes for morphophysiological and yield parameters. For all ten traits tested, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). High GCV and PCV were observed for yield plant-¹(22.71, 23.05). Broad sense heritability varied from 57.23 for tiller number to 96.33 for grain yield. Path analysis revealed that the relative water content had maximum positive direct effect on yield. The present study revealed that for rice yield under drought stress a genotype should possess high relative water content, chlorophyll stability index and high spikelet fertility percentage.

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Diversity in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Genotypes of India as Revealed by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Nusrat Perveen, Sarvamangala S. Cholin, Kulapati Hipparagi and Dadapeer Peerjade

Keywords: Pomegranate, Diversity, Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs202050122 • PDF

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), belonging to the family Lythraceae, is one of the oldest and beloved fruit crops cultivated widely in several tropical and subtropical countries. In the recent past pomegranate cultivation is gaining immense popularity in India owing to its dietary and nutraceutical benefits. The present study was conducted with an objective of determining diversity present in the popular pomegranate genotypes of India for different morphological and biochemical traits and to detect the association between the genotypes using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Results suggest presence of considerable phenotypic and genetic diversity in the studied pomegranate genotypes. Fruit and aril traits like fruit weight, dry weight of 100 arils, fruit volume, fruit length, peel weight, aril weight and fruit diameter were found to be the most discriminating traits of the Indian pomegranate germplasm under study.

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17. Adiletta, G., Petriccione, M., Liguori, L., Pizzolongo, F., Romano, R. and Di Matteo, M. Study of pomological traits and physico-chemical quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes grown in Italy. Eur. Food Res. Tech. 2018, 244(8):1427-1438.
18. Verma, M.K., Lal, S., Sharma, V.K., Choudhary, H. and Ahmed, N. PCA and genetic divergence analysis in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Inter. J. Innovative Horti. 2019, 8(1):45-50.
    

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Growth and Yield responses of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties to

Elevated CO₂

R. Manasa, R. V. Manju, Roy Stephen, M. M. Viji, R. Beena and G. S. Sreekala

Keywords: Elevated CO₂, Ginger, varieties, growth, yield

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs242050124 • PDF

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of CO₂ enrichment on growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Three varieties of ginger Aswathy, Athira, and Maran were selected and grown in OTC (Open Top Chamber) enriched with 500 ppm of CO₂ for a period of eight months. Intending to evaluate the impact of elevated CO₂ on growth and yield. Elevated CO₂ had a profound stimulatory effect on number of leaves (230.66), root fresh weight (48.87 g plant^-1), shoot fresh weigh (188.83 g plant^-1), tiller number (23) in Aswathy followed by Maran and Athira. Maximum fresh weight of rhizome was (228.75 g plant^-1) evident in Aswathy. Although there was significant effect of e[CO₂] on the three varieties, Aswathy was performing better when compared to Athira and Maran. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot fresh weight, tiller number, were positively correlating to rhizome yield. These results indicate that the plant biomass and yield can be enhanced under controlled CO₂ enrichment.

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22. Aranjuelo, I., Erice, G., Sanz‐Sáez, A., Abadie, C., Gilard, F., Gil‐Quintana, E., and Araus, J. L. 2015. Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant Cell Environ. 38: 2780–2794.
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Biochemical Variability study in Genotype and Isolate of Alternaria Blight in Pigeonpea

Laxman Prasad Balai, R B Singh, Asha Sinha and S M Yadav

Keywords: Alternaria blight, Pigeonpea, genotype, resistant, enzyme activity, protein, sugar and amino acids

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs252050123 • PDF

Abstract

Biochemical constituent’s contents like, soluble proteins; enzyme activity, carbohydrate and amino acid are important in resistant to the crop plants and measured on four different days (70, 95, 120 &145 DAS) old plants. The contents are found of pigeonpea leaves of a set of twelve genotype, which were inoculated with representatives’ ten isolates. In the estimation of soluble protein, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase activity, total soluble sugar, soluble reducing sugar, non reducing sugar and amino acids content have recorded in higher amounts in resistant genotype (IPA-7-2 & ICP-7220) followed by moderately resistant (DA-11 & ICP-13174) and moderately susceptible (ICP-4725 & ICP-11294), whereas lower amount susceptible (ICP-7182 & BSMR-736) genotype and highly susceptible genotype (MAL-24 & Bahar). The maximum soluble protein, enzyme activity, carbohydrate and amino acid content were found in resistant genotype at early stage of plants with minimum reduction whereas, lowest content was found in susceptible genotype old plants with highest reduction. It showed same trend in a-virulent isolate in which, lowest reduction soluble protein, enzyme activity, carbohydrate and amino acid content were found as compared to virulent (aggressive) isolate.

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Effect of time of Sowing and Chemical Treatments on Seedling Growth of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. Sindhan

B. Dadhaniya, D. R. Kanzaria, B. Sejal, T. Dhara and P. Varuti

Keywords: Custard apple, time of sowing, chemicals, seedling growth

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs072050091 • PDF

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Lalbaug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh during the year of 2018. The experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three different levels of time of sowing (S) viz., S₁ – 15^th April, S₂ – 15^th May; S₃ – 15^th June and six different levels of chemicals (M) viz., M₁ – Control, M₂ – GA₃ 200 ppm soaking for 24 hours, M₃ – Concentrated H₂SO₄ 0.1% soaking for 2 minutes, M₄ – Concentrated HCl 0.1% soaking for 2 minutes, M₅ – Cow dung and Cow urine slurry (1:2 ratio) soaking for 24 hours and M₆ – Hot water (50 to 60˚C) soaking for 24 hours. The maximum height of seedling, stem girth, number of leaves, shoot length, root length, number of roots and fresh weight of shoot individually in 15^th April sowing as well as in GA₃ 200 ppm treatment. That among different time of sowing dates, 15^th April sowing treated along with GA₃ 200 ppm seed soaking for 24 hours found to be the most effective for higher leaf area, dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root.

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Thermodynamic Study of Green Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel with Aqueous Extract of Ziziphus Jujuba Stem and Fruits in 1M HCl Solution

Rakesh Kumar Dubey¹, Nitin Gupta^2*, S.M. Nafees² and S. Kalpana²

¹Goverment College, Gangapur City, SawaiMadhopur, Rajasthan-322201

²Goverment College, Kota, Rajasthan-324001

Keywords: Ziziphus Jujuba stem, Ziziphus Jujuba fruits, Corrosion, Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Mild steel, Weight loss method

https://doi.org/10.37273/chesci.cs022050101 • PDF

Abstract

The Corrosion inhibition of mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl solution with aqueous extract of Ziziphus Jujuba stem and Ziziphus Jujuba fruits is studied by weight loss method at 303-333K temperatures. It is found that inhibition efficiency rise with increase in concentration of extract and decreased with rise in temperature. Maximum 78.05% inhibition efficiency was observed at 303 K and 8% (v/v) concentration of Ziziphus Jujuba stem. While maximum 68.60% inhibition efficiency was observed at 303 K and 8% (v/v) concentration of Ziziphus Jujuba fruits. Value observed for Activation energy, Gibbs free energy and variation in I.E. with temp Suggest physisorption. Adsorption of extract at mild steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Negative values of Gibbs energy reveals the spontaneity of inhibition process in extracts at studied temperatures.

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