Volume 15, Issue 59, 2026
Research Article
Halochromic Cellulose Acetate-Based Composite Film for Real-Time Monitoring of Packed Seer Fish Spoilage
Kesavan Devarayan, Gangeswar Mohan, Anand Theivasigamani, Ayyannan Ganesan, Monikandon Sukumaran, Vinothini Sukumaran
Keywords: Halochromic sensor, fish spoilage, packed fish, cellulose acetate, polysaccharides.
DOI:10.37273/chesci.cs032057081
Abstract
Real-time, non-invasive assessment of spoilage in packaged seafood remains a challenge for both retailers and consumers. This study describes the fabrication of a mixed-indicator/cellulose acetate/potato dextrose agar/starch (MI/CA/PDA/S) composite film, prepared in a single casting step, for halochromic monitoring of packed seer fish (Scomberomorus guttatus) spoilage. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between CA and PDA, supporting homogeneous immobilization of MI within the composite matrix. The film exhibited a rapid, visually distinct colour change on exposure to ammonia vapour, with colorimetric analysis (ΔE) showing values of 50.48 and 80.89 at 24 and 48 h during room-temperature storage, and 34.29 and 67.65 at 6 and 10 days under refrigeration, exceeding the sensitivity previously reported for a membrane-protected MI/PVA sensor. RGB analysis further supported smartphone-compatible digital monitoring. The film showed a swelling index of 42.62%, indicating restricted water uptake, and 41.46% biodegradability, intermediate between pure CA- and agar/starch-based films. These results demonstrate that the MI/CA/PDA/S film is a low-cost, sensitive and biodegradable sensor suitable for real-time spoilage monitoring of packed seafood.
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